States like Alabama and Alaska don't require you to file any paperwork to homeschool your own kids. However, Alabama does require private tutors to be certified, teach for at least three hours a day for 140 days each calendar year, and file a report with the proper authorities describing subjects taught and periods of instruction.
California has quite a few options for homeschooling, but you must first qualify as a private school and prove you are "capable of teaching." Delaware also offers three homeschooling options: single-family homeschool, multiple family homeschool, and single-family homeschool coordinated with the local school district.
Florida and Pennsylvania do not require parents to be certified teachers, but tutors must be. Florida also allows multiple homeschools to be operated as a private school and requires students to be tested or evaluated annually if the homeschool is operated by the parent or guardian. Iowa, on the other hand, requires supervision of a certified teacher for children eight years old and above, or yearly assessments if not.
Illinois, Louisiana, Nebraska, Texas, and others allow for home-based private schools. So does Maine, where teacher competence is subject to state approval. And Virginia allows groups of homeschooling families to band together to become a private school.
Michigan and Tennessee limit homeschooling to parents or legal guardians, unless the instructor is certified. Minnesota has very strict homeschool laws, limiting teaching to parents who are either certified or have a bachelor's degree, or are working under the supervision of a qualified instructor. Similarly, North Carolina, South Carolina, and North Dakota require homeschooling parents to either be certified or possess a high school diploma or GED, and South Carolina allows parents to become members of home school associations.
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